A. Introduction Artificial Intelligence (AI) has rapidly transformed the digital landscape, enabling automation, data analysis, and user interaction on a scale never seen before. Yet, as technology advances, so do the methods of cybercriminals. The rise of AI-enabled and AI-assisted crimes represents a new frontier of digital threats—one that challenges not only cybersecurity experts but…
In March 2025, the Malaysian Personal Data Protection Commissioner (PDPC) issued a public list of data users and collectors penalised for non-compliance with the Personal Data Protection Act 2010 (PDPA) and the Personal Data Protection (Registration of Data Users) Regulations 2013. This highlights a growing trend: businesses in Malaysia face increasing scrutiny and hefty fines…
On 13 August 2025, the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (“MCMC”) issued a Public Consultation Paper proposing a subsidiary legislation under the Communications and Multimedia Act 1998 (“CMA”). This follows the introduction of Section 233A via the Communications and Multimedia (Amendment) Act 2025. While Section 233A has been enacted, it is not yet in force….
Differences between Probate and Letters of Administration: Particular Probate Letters of Administration What is Probate and Letters of Administration? A legal document issued by the High Court of Sabah and Sarawak when a person dies leaving a valid will and having appointed an executor. A legal document issued by the High Court of Sabah…
Cyber Fraud, Scams & Phishing: Malaysia’s Response and the Legal Framework In today’s digital age, convenience comes with growing risks, particularly cyber fraud, scams, and phishing. These threats are no longer rare or isolated but are now common, sophisticated, and target individuals across all age groups. In Malaysia, such cybercrimes are escalating, making legal and…
In a bold and precedent-reaffirming decision on 17 June 2025 for the case of Ooi Mei Chien v. Osram Opto Semiconductors Sdn Bhd, the Federal Court of Malaysia ordered the reinstatement of a former senior executive, rejecting the notion that monetary compensation should be the default remedy even for high-ranking roles. The case made waves…
Malaysia’s PR system is strict with approvals; granted on a case-by-case basis by the Immigration Department. There is no automatic right to PR, even after many years in Malaysia. However, certain pathways increase your chances. 1. Eligibility Pathways for Malaysian PR A. Long-Term Residents (5+ Years on a Valid Pass) Must have lived in Malaysia…
If you have been unfairly dismissed by your employer, you have the right to file a representation under Section 20(1) of the Industrial Relations Act 1967 (IRA) for reinstatement to your former employment. This is commonly referred to as a claim for unfair dismissal in the Industrial Court. Remedies Available Upon finding that the dismissal…
In the corporate world, decisions are generally made according to the will of the majority. But what happens when that majority misuses its power to the detriment of minority shareholders? In Malaysia, the law provides a safeguard. Section 346 of the Companies Act 2016 allows minority shareholders to seek court intervention if the company’s affairs…
In Malaysia, probationary periods are a standard practice in employment, serving as a trial phase for employers to evaluate new hires before offering permanent positions. This period is critical for assessing skills, behavior, and organizational fit. However, misunderstandings about probationers’ rights and employers’ obligations often arise. This comprehensive guide explores five key aspects of probationary…
